Instructional designs for the development of transferable knowledge and skills: A cognitive load perspective

This paper analyzes the main points and results of a set of the previous papers in this Special Issue from the point of view of developing characteristics of flexible—transferable—expertise. It focuses on cognitive load issues related to the acquisition of deep transferable knowledge structures and developing metacognitive and self-regulation skills. The contributions to this Special Issue demonstrate that appropriate instructional support and optimal levels of control over the learning processes, enhanced by self-explanation and self-visualization techniques, may enhance learners’ abilities to transfer their knowledge and skills. Better understanding of the role of germane cognitive load, as well as our abilities to measure different types of load and high-level cognitive processes are essential for further progress in this area.     

Interface feature prioritization for web services: Case of online flight reservations

Acceptance, utility, and usability of system designs have become a focal interest in human–computer interaction (HCI) research, yet at present there is a lack detailed understandings of which system design features influence them. The purpose of the study is to examine the effects of five product design features; customization, adaptive behavior, memory load, content density, and speed on user preference through an experimental study by using conjoint analysis. In experimental study, instead of classical conjoint cards, prototypes were generated for products. Besides, desirability and market segments of product prototypes were identified. In line with the results, among the five product design features, speed is the most and customization is the least important features that affect user preference. Contrary to the expectations, customization has a relatively small importance value in this research. Subsequent design features that influence user preference after speed are minimal memory load, adaptive behavior, and content density, respectively. According to findings, interfaces that have high-speed, minimal memory load, adaptive behavior, low content density, and customization features are more preferable than those that do not.     

基于入度调整的结构化P2P网络拥塞控制算法

针对结构化对等网络中存在的由查询负载不均衡所导致的拥塞问题,提出一种基于动态入度调整的拥塞控制算法。算法根据节点查询负载的情况,动态判定出可能存在的热点,并将热点周围的节点组织起来,通过调整每个节点入连接的数量对负载进行调整。为了克服节点处理能力的异构性,算法将热点组中的节点进一步划分为多个能力组,并在能力组内和组间分别进行调整。模拟结果表明,该算法在处理突发流量的过程中可以有效地减少查询失败的次数,降低拥塞产生的影响。     

用户QOS及系统指标指导的计算网格任务调度

针对网格环境中的动态性特点,特别是用户服务质量（QoS）需求的动态变化性,通过定义任务的效益函数来评估任务的多维QoS需求。同时为了兼顾任务完成时间、负载平衡等系统指标,引入系统效益的概念,给出负载平衡度的定义用来指导调度及评价调度性能。针对一组具有QoS需求的相互独立的计算任务提出一种用户QoS及系统指标指导的计算网格任务调度算法——UQSI。模拟实验结果显示,该算法能较好地满足用户的多维QoS需求,更加适合开放复杂的网格环境。     

一种基于触发机制的轮转算法

在负载平衡技术中,必须使用合适的算法进行成员选择,以决定由哪个副本对象处理到来的客户请求。传统轮转负载平衡算法只能在某些特定条件下平衡负载。针对该缺点,结合普通轮转算法和加权算法的优点,提出一种基于触发机制的轮转算法。实验结果表明,该算法能感知后段资源。     

基于负载平衡和经验值的工作流任务分配策略

针对面向角色的工作流管理系统中的任务分配问题,提出一种支持任务参与者负载平衡和经验值的任务分配策略,在角色和任务执行者之间建立联系。该策略在对任务参与者进行负载预测的基础上,综合考虑任务参与者的工作负载、对不同类型任务的完成质量和兴趣等因素,根据预测负载偏差,对任务参与者的负载进行等级划分,把任务分配给轻载集合中经验值最高的参与者。     

WSN中基于LEACH的多层分簇路由方案

针对传统分簇路由中存在的节点能耗严重失衡问题,提出一种新的成簇路由方案。在参考LEACH路由算法的基础上,融合多层分簇的思想,通过在网络拓扑的底层构建具有多个簇头节点的簇集合、在拓扑的顶层构建多跳转发机制,提出能量高效的多层分簇路由算法。仿真结果表明,该算法在网络生存时间和负载均衡方面较已有算法有较大的提高。     

驾驶员疲劳状态生理信号的DFA

通过去趋势波动分析(DFA)研究驾驶员疲劳状态的心率变异性信号和脑电信号特征.22名被试在驾驶模拟器上进行模拟驾驶作业,采集驾驶过程中的心率变异性和脑电信号并进行离线分析.Wil-coxon符号秩检验用于分析清醒和疲劳两种状态间DFA标度指数的差异,受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析用于确定DFA区分疲劳驾驶和清醒驾驶的能力.结果表明:疲劳状态时,心率变异性和脑电信号的标度指数显著增加(Wilcoxon符号秩检验,p＜0.01);心率变异性和脑电信号标度指数的ROC下面积最大分别为0.75和0.78.DFA的标度指数具有应用于驾驶疲劳监测系统的前景.     

地铁屏蔽门人群挤压荷载测试系统的设计

为了解决当前地铁屏蔽门人群挤压荷载测试装置存在的自动化程度不高、产生的线荷载不精确不均匀的问题,综合计算机软件技术、自动控制技术和传感器技术设计了地铁屏蔽门人群挤压荷载测试系统.设计了计算机软件和PLC控制程序实现测试过程的自动控制.采用多点加载法,并对加载点引入闭环反馈控制来实现对荷载的精确控制.实验结果证明,设计的系统实现了测试的自动化,并解决了线荷载不精确不均匀的问题.     

滚珠丝杠副加载试验台测控系统设计

一体化工业计算机系统目前在测控领域应用广泛.通过对滚珠丝杠副轴向力加载试验功能分析,拟定了滚珠丝杠副轴向力试验方案,构建了基于一体化工业计算机控制的测控系统,基于虚拟仪器技术平台和LabVIEW编程语言,设计了测控软件.实践验证与测试表明,一体化工业计算机结合虚拟仪器技术平台开发测控系统可以大大降低其软、硬件研发周期.